Unit 5 Part II Text A Text Organization 1.
PartsParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-2Michael faced the most challenging competition in his pole-vaulting career. Part TwoParas 3-5Michael' s childhood was marked with dreams and tough training.
Part ThreeParas 6-12Michael topped his personal best, won the championship and set a new world record.
Part FourPara 13What was most unusual about Michael's victory was that he was blind.
2. 1) It also has the element of flying, and the thought of flying as high as a two-story building is
a mere fantasy to anyone watching such an event. As long as Michael could remember he had always dreamed of flying. 2) All of Michael's vaults today seemed to be the reward for his hard work.
V ocabulary I. 1. 1) startled 3) tension 5) sweating 7) vain 9) anxiety 11) emotions 13) In my mind's eye 15) mere
2) core 4) tense 6) stretched out
8) On one occasion 10) detail 12) ashamed of 14) recurring
2. 1) Mrs. White's birthday coincides with her husband's, iiovi 2) The writer was assisted in the preparation of this article by other members of her family.
3) It has been a week of alternate sunshine and rain. 4) Politics and philosophy had been his lifelong passions, although he studied economics at university.
5) She grew tense as she waited for her first TV interview. 3. 1) Jessica's victory in the World Championships, which has aroused the media's attention, again bears out the fact that she is one of the best gymnasts in the world. And no one can deny that it is a delight to watch her performing various skills with natural grace.
2) With so many relatives along with friends coming to their wedding to congratulate them on their marriage, the young couple felt like the happiest people in the world.
3) Frank had made full preparations for his oral presentation. However, when he did begin to speak, he was so overwhelmed by the intensity of the situation that he couldn't find a way to relax himself and made numerous mistakes.
-------- II. Collocation
1) Mike, a Green, made the suggestion that a large park be built near the community.
2) In a letter to his daughter, Mr. Smith expressed his wish
that she (should) continue her educa-tion to acquire still another degree.
3) There is no reason to hold the belief that humans have no direct moral responsibility to safe-guard the welfare of animals.
4) Children need to feel safe about the world they grow up in, and it is unwise to give them the idea that everything they come into contact with might be a threat.
5) Anxiety can result from the notion that life has not treated us fairly.
6) Nobody believed his claim that he was innocent. III. Words with Multiple Meanings
1.1 work out in the gym for one hour every morning. 2. Florence has worked as a cleaner at the factory for five years.
3. The wounded man worked his way across the field on his hands and knees.
4. The safe load for a truck of this type works out at about twenty-five tons.
5. It is difficult to understand how human minds work. 6. To my disappointment, the manager's plan of promoting the new products doesn't work at all.
7. The teacher has a lot of experience of working with children who don't know how to learn.
8. The medicine began to work one hour after the child took it.
Structure
1. (Answers may vary.)
1) It was his dream and hard work that made it possible for him to set a world record in the pole vault.
2) It was nine years ago that I began to learn English.
3) It is my parents who have exerted the greatest influence on me.
4) It was in Central Park that I met John.
2. 1) Obviously what the speaker wanted to emphasize was the impact of these findings rather than
the process that led to these findings.
2) It seems that he is never bothered about what people would think about his behavior.
3) The CEO never hesitates to let his employees know what he is planning for the company.
4) The scientist will show the audience what a tele-operated robot can do for a family.
Comprehensive txercises I. Cloze (A)
1. In my mind's eye 3. sweating 5. tense 7. preparation 9. media (B) 1. what 3. an 5. will 7. got 9. in 11. support 13. After 15. face 2. detail
4. relax 6. fantasy
8. congratulate 10. emotion 2. for
4. rarely/never 6. longed/wished 8. Then 10. life 12. to 14. run 16. but II. Translation
Psychologists have used numerous facts to bear out the argument/statement/claim that in order to recover speedily from negative emotion, you should allow yourself to cry. You needn't/ don't have to be ashamed of crying. Anxiety and sorrow can flow out of the body along with tears. Consider the case of /Take Donna. Her son unfortunately died in a car accident. The inten-sity of the blow made her unable to cry. She said, \"It was not until two weeks later that I began to cry. And then I felt as if a big stone had been lifted from my shoulders. It was the tears that brought me back to earth.\"
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check l.b 3. b 5. c 2. c 4. b 6. a translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. aid
3. inclined 5. horrible 7. dismiss 9. impatient 11. optimistic 13. ease 15. install
17. shortcomings 19. bumped 2 traits 4. in spite of 6. penetrated
8. has suffered from 10. progressive 12. to a degree 14. hold on to
16. in good health 18. interval(s) 20. miserable
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks ■ ■
Model paper
The Change in Mr. Manwaring
There is no doubt about it. Hal Manwaring has definitely changed. And changed for the better. He still limps, of course, still has trouble getting in and out of his car and climbing stairs. He still needs his stick to get about. Everyone feels sorry for him, naturally. They always have, ever since he first started suffering from his disease all those years ago. But, to be honest, in recent years people started to avoid him, he had become so bitter he hadn't a good word to say about anyone or anything. Understandable, you might say, but that didn't make him any
better company.
Then, all of a sudden, ever since that big storm we had last month, he picked himself up and
now has a cheerful word and a smile for everyone. Where once you would see him sitting hunched up on his porch for hours on end, now you see him hopping about all over town. He has even taken
up helping to teach on the adult literacy programme. Just what happened he won't say, but whatever
it was it certainly did him a power of good. (189 words) Unit 6 Part II Text A Text Organization 1.
PartsParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-3Despite her friend's advice, the author, unable to resist the temp-tation, falls for superwomen stories again.
Part TwoParas 4-7Her encounter with a superwoman and its impact on her.
Part ThreeParas 8-11She tells about what prevents her from becoming a superwoman herself. Part FourParas 12-14She analyzes why she is still fascinated by modern superwomen tales.
Part FivePara 15She comes to the conclusion that to her, admiring a heroine is something worth doing.
2. The author explains how difficult it is to be a superwoman mainly by d. personal experiences And give facts to support your choice.
1) She is unable to get her act together.
2) She can almost expect something to go wrong as soon as
she sets to work.
3) Anything might happen that would take up much more of time she puts aside for a certain job.
4) She usually feels exhausted after a busy day. V ocabulary I. 1. 1) incredible 3) hits home
2) remainder 4) investment 5) by nature 6) lap 7) decorate 8) harmony 9) move on to 10) bulletin 11) at intervals 12) client 13) theory 14) item 15) military
2. 1) Though Roger is absolutely convinced that the plan will work, I am still skeptical of/about it-
2) Carol's worrying about her daughter has much to do with her being hooked on the Internet recently.
3) Alison's so disorganized— I wish she'd get her act together. 4) Despite her resolution not to believe such modern fairy tales any more, she couldn't resist the idea of admiring superheroines.
5) Mention of the controversy over the matter would still undo her.
3.
1) Don't be taken in by his charming manner; he is hard and cruel by nature and rarely shows pity for the poor, rusrnc
2) The rescue team is racing the clock to salvage (打捞) the bodies of the sailors trapped in the sunken submarine (潜水艇) with sophisticated equipment.
3) The original draft of the declaration strongly reproaches some big powers for possessing large numbers of nuclear weapons and consuming too much of the earth's natural re-sources. 2. as well/too
4. also 6. too 8. Also II. Synonyms 1. also 3. too 5. as well/too 7. also III. Usage
1. I used to hate jogging but I'm actually growing to like it now.
2. We didn't have the chance to see her — she was too busy. 3. It seems she was coming to understand it better as she grew older.
4. How did you manage to become a television anchorwoman?
5. Gradually I came to like the proposal she brought forward in the group discussion.
6. You're becoming more and more like your mother. Structure
1. 1) If only it were that simple!
2) We could go out this afternoon if only it would stop raining.
3) If only she hadn't told David about that, everything would have been all right.
4) If only she hadn't come into the room at that particular
moment.
2. 1) Tom is/was too intelligent for his class so he is/was not learning anything there.
2) The task is/was far too difficult for a nine-year-old. 3) There are/were too many people for such a small room. 4) The noise became too much for me so I went and complained.
Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A)
1. incredible 3. care for 5. decorate 7. put pen to paper 9. piece of cake 11. despite (B) l.One 3. having 5. wrong 7. with 9. to 11. in 13. true
15. Eventually 17. later 2. corporation 4. set aside 6. move on 8. draft
10. get our act together 12. charmed
2. when 4. However 6. not 8. if 10. reads 12. should 14. up 16. plus II. Translation
Barbara has dreamed of becoming a CEO for a long time. To achieve her heart's desire, she applied for a job in many a multi-national corporation, but failed to get it. However, nothing seems to be able to undo her. With a loan from a local bank she opened a restaurant not long ago. While doing business she is having two young children to care for. Also, she is working at/studying for an MBA degree. Despite all this she manages to get her act together. Nevertheless, even to her, racing the clock is by no means a piece of cake. It's a very exhausting job.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check l.b 3.d 5. d 7. a 2. a 4. b 6. c Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. set out 3. temporary 5. weighed down 7. plentiful 9. pleaded
11. in control of 13. expense 15. reaction
17. at every opportunity 19. soak up 2. renewed 4. sought after 6. quit
8. takes all the credit 10. died of 12. party 14. lives for 16. semester 18. stir
20. take ... back .
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper
Women Hold up Half the Sky
\"Men are born free but everywhere they are in chains,\" wrote the French philosopher Rousseau. Being a man he forgot to add that the chains that hold women back are often stronger and heavier. It is true that women are no longer tied to the home, and have entered fully into the world of work. Nevertheless, childbirth and greater responsibilities for childcare can put women at a disadvantage in competition with men. The situation is made all the more difficult by discrimination against women in selection and promotion in certain professions.
There are a number of ways to remedy this situation. Improving women's confidence about
what they can achieve is one. Destroying male prejudices is another. But the answer lies not just in changing ideas. Material support in the form of improved childcare facilities is needed, as
is greater
protection from the law against sexual discrimination. (152 words)
Unit 7 Part II Text A Text Organization 1. PartsParagraphsMain Ideas
Part OneParas 1-3Massive borrowing from other languages is a major feature of the English language.
Part TwoParas 4-16Tells about the history of the English language from the Indo-European parent language to modern English.
Part ThreeParas 17-19Tolerance, love of freedom, and respect for the rights of oth-ers —these qualities in the English-speaking people explain the richness of their language.
2.
Paras 4-9The introduction of the Indo-European language — the parent language of En-
riyioj won-gksh
Paras 10-11Germanic tribes came to settle in Britain and brought Anglo-Saxon words —Old English
Para 12The Christian religion enriched English with words from Greek and Latin
Para 13The Vikings from Scandinavia came with words from Old Norse
Para 14The Norman Conquest — French influence
Para 15The European Renaissance and the printing press brought many new words from Latin and Greek
Para 16The American revolution — the emergence of a new variety — American En-glish
V ocabulary
I. 1. 1) independent 2) Strictly speaking 3) drifted 4) resembles 5) virtually 6) invaded 7) conquered 8) fascinating
9) snack 10) will be put into practice 11) classics ..12) source 13) climate 14) surrendered 15) were ... aroused
2. 1) In the United States, private cars are an absolute necessity rather than a luxury.
2) Everyone thinks that the new member is a valuable addition to the football team.
3) I am afraid the fire will get out of control if the firemen do not arrive within ten minutes.
4) As all flights to the United States have been cancelled, you have no alternative but to go via Vancouver to get to Seattle.
5) The government has declared all beef imports will be banned for the next six months for fear of the spread of mad cow disease.
3. 1) Through systematic research, scientists have invented many drugs that are said to help us live longer, but the cause of aging remains, to a very real extent, one of life's mysteries. 2) The two parties have reached an agreement to establish a joint venture in Beijing, but before a formal
contract is signed, some clauses in the draft agreement need to be modi-
fied/modifying so that no misunderstanding will arise as to their interpretation. 3) Our ancestors have passed onto us the wisdom that to ensure the long-lasting prosperity of a country, we must show tolerance for the errors made by those who strike
out revolution-ary paths. These people, with their new ideas and practice, will enrich the national experi-ence.
II. Synonyms 1. a) wish 2. a) skin 3. a) rear/raise 4. a) royal b) wish b) hide/skin b) raise b) kingly/royal c) want c) hide
c) rear/raise c) sovereign d) wish/want d) skin d) raise d) royal/kingly
III. Usage 1.Indeed 3. Frankly 5. To my knowledge 7. Nevertheless 9. instead i
2. though 4. Moreover 6. however 8. Yet
10. in other words Structure l
1) We are literally crawling. There must be some traffic accident ahead.
2) Thomas sounds very knowledgeable about traditional Chinese medicine. He must have had some special training.
3) The draft document is complete in virtually every detail. It must have taken him months to prepare it.
4) Cathy must have missed the train. She should have arrived here two hours ago.
5) What? It cost you one thousand dollars to fill a hollow tooth? You must be exaggerating!
2. 1) Are we supposed to deposit our bags before entering the supermarket?
2) The spaceship is supposed to land on Mars at 10:40 this morning.
3) As a car driver, you are supposed to know how to change a tire.
4) The nurses in the hospital are supposed to take good care of the patients.
5) We are supposed to speak only in English when we discuss text organization.
Comprehensive fxercises I. Cloze (A)
1. fascinating 3. invented 5. ban
7. out of control 9. Fortunately 11. sources (B) 1) early 3) found
5) source 7) in 9) how
11) given/delivered 13) by 15) without 2.tolerance 4.addition 6.corrupt 8.establishing 10.Massive 12. enrich 2) those 4)must 6) further 8) began 10)in 12) than 14)so 16)common II. Translation
Though how the English language came into existence remains a mystery, linguists/language scientists now tend to believe that English and most other European languages have descended from a common source; the Indo-European parent language. English was first spoken by the Anglo-Saxons who invaded England in the fifth century. They passed onto us the basic vocabu-lary of English. In its over 15 centuries of development, English has borrowed from other lan-guages
massively, and such borrowing has greatly enriched its vocabulary. As settlers landed in America and established the United States as an independent nation, a new variety was added to the English language: American English. Though some people worry that the language is running out of control, many native speakers of English take pride in the tolerance of their language.
Part III TextB
Comprehension Check 1. c 2. c 3. c 4. d 5. b
6. d Translation (#J& Appendix III) Language Practice 1. give way to 2. predict 3. substantial 4. integrate 5. in transition 6. aspect
7. professionals8. genuine 9. economic10. to name a few 11. authority12. dominate 13. crude14. trend
15. shift16. had contributed to 17. unique18. exceeding 19. rid yourself of20. status
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks
Model paper
Estimates of English Speakers from 1950 to 2050
This graph shows the changes of the estimated numbers of English speakers from 1950 to 2050. English speakers are divided into three groups, i.e., LI speakers, L2 speakers and EFL speak-ers. According to the graph, it is estimated that the number of LI speakers was a little over 200 million in 1950, a figure that will increase to around 450 million by 2050. L2 speakers will triple during the same period, from less than 200 million to around 600 million. EFL speakers will double in number over the period, starting from about 400 million in 1950 and reaching to over 900 million in 2050.
Although the numbers of English speakers in all three groups tend to increase, their patterns of increase are different. LI speakers increase steadily over the entire period, but not as rapidly as L2 speakers. This rapid growth is predicted to lead to L2 speakers outnumbering LI speakers by the year 2010. Trends for the number of EFL speakers follow a somewhat different path. While the figures remained stable during the 1950s they then began to experience an increasingly sharp rise that
is expected to level off and remain stable from 2020. (195 words)
Unit 8 Part II Text A
2. 1) environmental luxuries vs. environmental necessities 2)
sensible
environmentalism
vs.
sentimental
environmentalism
3) man vs. nature V ocabulary
I. 1. 1) universal 2) current
3) worked his way 4) deny 5) melt 6) came through 7) threat 8) combat 9) in the name of 10) raged 11) vote 12) concerns 13) in part 14) reality 15) urgent
2. 1) There has been much debate on the new teaching method invented by a young education- ist.
2) Most kinds of cancer are fatal without proper treatment. 3) John has submitted an application for retirement at the age of 56 on the grounds of ill health.
4) Can you draw a distinction between these two approaches? They sound so similar to me.
5) Cars should stop at red traffic lights. Similarly, bicycles should stop, too.
3. 1) Ecologists constantly call for people to stop cutting trees for the sake of man's own future.
As a matter of fact, more and more people have realized that man's fate is closely bound up with his environment.
2) We distinguish the excellent manager from the common one by observing his human rela-tions skills to accommodate all kinds of conflicting interests within his company. The excellent manager can always create a lively atmosphere through various proposals and suggestions while the common one can do nothing more than complain about everything.
3) It goes against the grain of contemporary concept of ecology ( 生态学) to overuse our natural resources regardless of serious ecological consequences. While it is ridiculous to worship the earth to the point of excess, to ignore the fundamental
principles of ecologi-cal balance is dangerous too.
II. Confusable Words 1. 1) sensible 3) sentimental 5) sensible 2. 1) conserve 3) conserve 2) sensitive 4) sensitive
6) sentimental 2) preserves 4) preserving III. Word Formation age-old 古老的 air force 空军
daughter-in-law 儿媳妇 first-rate 一流的 greenhouse 温室
half brother 同母异父兄弟；同父异母兄弟 ice-cream 冰激凌 lifelike 逼真的 light year 光年
salesperson 售货员；推销员
self-centered 以自己为中心的，自私的 threefold 三倍 overuse 过度使用
stone-still 石头似的一动不动
worldwide 全世界范围的；在全世界范围的 Structure
1. 1) Now that he has begun a new life in a foreign country, everything seems so different and he is
understandably excited.
2) The things I've worked so hard for appear to me so shallow and worthless now that I've achieved them.
3) Now that the warmer months are coming, why don't you take the opportunity to travel around Siberia?
4) Now that she knew the whole truth she realized how stupid she had been not to suspect that her boyfriend was actually a spy.
2. 1) When Mount Qomolangma was remeasured in 1987 by a more accurate method, it was found
to be 24 meters higher than previously believed.
2) The central heating system has proved less effective than originally hoped for.
3) The new electronic dictionary is sold at a much lower price than predicted.
4) Totally fed up with the noise in the surroundings of the hotel, Prof. Sherrington said he'd leave as soon as he finished his work and wouldn't stay there a moment longer than necessary.
Comprehensive Exercises I. Cloze (A) 1. concern 3. excess 5. consequences 7. distinguish 9. distinctions (B) 1. between 3. conserving 5. concern 7. own 9. use
11. as 13. lower 2. environment 4. regardless 6. fatal 8. urgent 10. fundamental 2. than 4. less 6. that 8. more
10. mankind/man 12. which 14. differences II. Translation
It is relatively more difficult to call for poorly educated people to conserve resources be-cause they tend to view resources as nothing more than handy materials, which they can never overuse to the point of excess. They are seldom aware of the fatal consequences of the ruin of nature. In contrast, most educated people bind their own well-being to that of nature and try to preserve nature on the grounds of self-preservation. Though it may be difficult to distinguish a good proposal from a bad one in our current debate on environmental issues, one contemporary commentator has argued that protecting the environment in the name of man should be our guiding principle.
Part III Text B
Comprehension Check 1. a 3. d 5. d 2. b 4. a 6. c Translation
(#JE Appendix III) Language Practice 1. nothing but
3. get away from 5. Pollute 7. assumptions 9. has rusted 11. dump 13. substance 15. triumph 17. hardens 19. Uttered 2. patches 4. spoil 6. explosion 8. enables 10. washed up 12. stained 14. destruction 16. pinched 18. For all 20. mankind
Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning Tasks Model paper
My Thoughts on Environmental Protection
When faced with all kinds of environmental problems, many people seem to believe that we have to choose either economic prosperity or environmental protection. In my view, this is a false choice. I think that economic development and environmental protection can and must coexist.
It is true that development has brought with it a number of
environmental problems, such as air pollution, water shortages and acid rain, but at the same time modern industry and commerce have greatly improved our lives. Few would wish to live without the benefits of television, automobiles, computers, etc. To stop developing our industry and commerce for the sake of nature alone is pure sentimentalism.
Of course, we can't allow economic growth to go on at the expense of the environment, either. When a healthy environment is gone, everything that our life depends on is gone, too. So, we must protect the environment—not for the sake of the environment alone—but for the sake of man. (168 words)
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